基于正交试验设计的铝/钢激光深熔点焊参数优化

肖睿; 杨瑾; 刘红兵; 赵一璇; 邓沛然

doi:10.12299/jsues.21-0087

基于正交试验设计的铝/钢激光深熔点焊参数优化

doi: 10.12299/jsues.21-0087

上海工程技术大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海201620

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目资助(51805315)

详细信息

作者简介:
肖睿：肖睿（1995−），男，在读硕士，研究方向为材料加工（焊接方向）. E-mail: 543401207@qq.com

通讯作者:
杨瑾（1987−），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为高强轻质材料激光焊和电弧焊应用研究. E-mail: jyang@sues.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG115
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-30

Parameter optimization of laser keyhole spot welding of Al/steel based on orthogonal experiment design

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China

摘要

摘要:
通过激光匙孔点焊技术实现铝与钢的焊接. 通过正交试验方法对铝/钢进行激光匙孔点焊试验，研究时间、功率和离焦量对接头力学性能的影响程度. 结果表明，激光功率对铝/钢激光匙孔点焊接头的力学性能影响最大，离焦量次之，焊接时间影响最少，最优参数为激光功率2.85 kW、离焦量22 mm、持续时间3 s，拉伸载荷达到1470 N. 焊缝处生成锥形熔化区，界面处无裂纹，生成包含Fe₃Al、FeAl和FeAl₂等金属间化合物(IMCs)，最大显微硬度(HV)达到810.
- 激光匙孔点焊 /
- 正交试验 /
- 金属间化合物 /
- 力学性能
Abstract:
Aluminum and steel were welded by laser keyhole spot welding technology. The laser keyhole spot welding of Al/steel was tested by orthogonal experiment, influences of time, laser power and defocusing amount on mechanical properties of the joint were studied. The results show that the influence of laser power on the mechanical properties of Al/steel laser keyhole spot welding joints is the greatest, then defocusing amount, welding time affect the minimum. The optimal parameters are laser power 2.85 kW, defocusing amount 22 mm, duration 3 s, and tensile load is 1470 N. The cone-like fusion zone was formed at the weld seam and there was no crack, intermetallic compounds (IMCs) containing Fe₃Al, FeAl and FeAl₂were formed at the interface. The maximum microhardness (HV) of the joint is 810.
- laser keyhole spot welding /
- orthogonal experiment /
- intermetallic compounds (IMCs) /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 激光深熔点焊示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of laser keyhole spot welding

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图 2 不同离焦量、功率及焊接时间条件下铝/钢激光匙孔点焊接头横截面

Figure 2. Cross section of Al/steel laser keyhole spot welding joint under different defocusing amount, laser power and laser time

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图 3 SEM图像

Figure 3. SEM images

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图 4 铝/钢激光匙孔点焊接头的显微硬度分布图

Figure 4. Microhardness profiles of laser keyhole spot welding Al/steel joint

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图 5 激光匙孔点焊接头的位移载荷曲线

Figure 5. Load-displacement curve of laser keyhole spot welding joint

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表 1 母材的化学成分

Table 1. Chemical compositions of base materials %

材料	Cu	Mg	Mn	Fe	Si	Zn	Cr	Al	C	Ni
Q235 钢	—	—	0.147	Bal.	0.350	—	0.044	—	0.200	—
AA5052铝	0.100	2.200~2.800	0.100	0.400	0.250	0.100	0.200	Bal.	—	—

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表 2 试验因素和水平参数表

Table 2. Table of test factors and horizontal parameters

激光功率A/kW	离焦量B/mm	时间C/s
A1=2.70	B1=20	C1=3
A2=2.85	B2=22	C2=4
A3=3.00	B3=24	C3=5

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表 3 L₉（3⁴）正交试验参数和试验结果

Table 3. L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experimental parameters and experimental results

试验样本编号	试验因子
试验样本编号	功率 /kW	离焦量 /mm	时间 /s	试验方案	拉伸载荷 /N
1	1	1	1	A1B1C1	519.00
2	1	2	2	A1B2C2	444.97
3	1	3	3	A1B3C3	446.54
4	2	1	2	A2B1C2	1037.51
5	2	2	3	A2B2C3	942.94
6	2	3	1	A2B3C1	872.40
7	3	1	3	A3B1C3	701.77
8	3	2	1	A3B2C1	896.97
9	3	3	2	A3B3C2	641.84

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表 4 L₉（3⁴）正交试验数据处理结果

Table 4. Data processing results of L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment

编号	激光功率A/kW	离焦量B/mm	时间C/s
K₁	1410.51	2258.28	2288.37
K₂	2852.85	2284.88	2124.32
K₃	2240.58	1960.78	2091.25
${\overline {K}}_1 $	470.17	809.64	762.79
$\overline {K}_2 $	950.95	761.63	708.11
$\overline {K}_3 $	746.86	653.59	697.08
R_j	480.78	156.04	65.71

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表 5 图3所示点的EDS分析结果

Table 5. EDS analysis at points highlighted in Fig.3 %

Points	Fe	Al	Mg	Possible phases
A B C D	52.64 53.11 31.20 15.67	45.97 45.68 65.11 80.74	1.27 1.21 3.69 3.59	FeAl₃ FeAl FeAl₂ FeAl₃

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参考文献(10)

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