铝合金激光−CMT复合焊接熔滴特性研究

马煜斌; 梁瑛; 慈鹏宇; 陈飞吉

doi:10.12299/jsues.22-0331

铝合金激光−CMT复合焊接熔滴特性研究

doi: 10.12299/jsues.22-0331

上海工程技术大学材料科学与工程学院，上海 201620

基金项目: 上海市大学生创新活动计划项目资助（CS2105008）

详细信息

作者简介:
马煜斌（2002−），男，在读本科，研究方向为焊接工艺. E-mail：2979537872@qq.com

通讯作者:
梁　瑛（1986−），女，讲师，博士，研究方向为新型焊接工艺. E-mail：liangyinggabi@126.com

中图分类号: TG456
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- 文章访问数: 237
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-30

Study on droplet characteristics of laser-CMT hybrid welding of aluminum alloy

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China

摘要

摘要: 搭建了铝合金激光−冷金属过渡（Cold Metal Transfer, CMT）复合焊接试验平台和高速摄像采集平台，研究铝合金激光−CMT焊接过程中的熔滴特性. 改变激光功率，获得不同焊接参数下CMT熔滴过渡的高速摄像图. 通过对比分析可知，在激光功率较小时，激光主要起到引导电弧作用，对CMT电弧影响较小，焊接过程较为稳定，能够获得良好焊缝成形. 当激光功率较大时，会影响CMT原有的短路过渡，造成熔滴飞溅等情况，导致焊缝成形较差. 结果表明：保持焊丝和激光间距的有效距离和控制激光功率，是保证激光−CMT复合焊接过程稳定的关键.
- 激光 /
- 冷金属过渡 /
- 复合焊 /
- 铝合金
Abstract: An aluminum alloy laser-cold metal transfer (CMT) hybrid welding experiment platform and a high-speed camera acquisition platform were established to study the droplet characteristics of aluminum alloy laser-CMT welding process. By changing the laser power, the high speed images of CMT droplet transition under different welding parameters were obtained. Comparative analysis shows that when the laser power is small, the laser mainly plays the role of guiding arc, and has little influence on CMT arc. The welding process is stable and good weld formation can be obtained. When the laser power is large, it will affect the original short circuit transition of CMT, resulting in droplet splashing and other conditions, and lead to poor weld formation. The result shows that keeping the effective distance between the welding wire and the laser and controlling the laser power are the key to ensure the stability of the laser-CMT composite welding process.
- laser /
- cold metal transfer (CMT) /
- hybrid welding /
- aluminum alloy

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图 1 激光−CMT焊接过程示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of laser-CMT welding process

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图 2 激光−CMT复合焊接高速摄像系统

Figure 2. High speed camera system of laser-CMT hybrid welding

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图 3 激光功率为800 W时熔滴过渡形态

Figure 3. Droplet transition morphology at 800 W laser power

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图 4 激光功率为1200 W时熔滴过渡形态

Figure 4. Droplet transition morphology at 1200 W laser power

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图 5 激光功率为1500 W时熔滴过渡形态

Figure 5. Droplet transition morphology at 1500 W laser power

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图 6 不同激光功率下的焊缝成形

Figure 6. Weld forming under different laser powers

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表 1 母材Al6061和焊丝ER4043主要化学成分

Table 1. Chemical composition of Al6061 base metal and ER4043 filler material %

材料硅铁铜猛镁铬锌钛铝

Al6061 0.40−0.80 < 0.7 0.15~0.40 < 0.15 0.80~1.20 0.04~0.35 0.25 < 0.15 其余
ER4043 5.60 0.80 0.30 0.05 0.05 — 0.10 0.02 其余

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表 2 激光−CMT焊接工艺参数

Table 2. Welding parameters of laser-CMT hybrid welding

编号 CMT焊接电流/A 激光功率/W

1 78 800
2 78 1200
3 78 1500

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