Impact of bipolar plate flow channel cross-section shape on PEMFC mass transfer and performance
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摘要: 以矩形截面为基础，采用COMSOL软件研究截面形状对平行单流道燃料电池性能的影响，建立性能仿真模型并验证模型的可行性。在此基础上，研究不同截面形状的流道对平行单流道燃料电池功率密度、质量传输、温度、速度、压降、净输出效率的影响。结果表明，在低电压和高电流密度的情况下，流道的截面形状对燃料电池性能影响明显。三角形截面模型普遍具有较高的最大功率密度，其中W形截面比矩形截面有更高的流速和更小的温度变化，其氢气消耗提高1.8%，氧气消耗提高6.6%，在净输出效率相差不大的情况下，具有更高的功率密度，研究结果为双极板的设计提供了支撑。Abstract: The performance of parallel single-flow channel fuel cells with a rectangular cross-section was investigated using COMSOL software. A performance simulation model was established and its feasibility was verified. On this basis, the impacts of different cross-sectional shapes on the power density, mass transfer, temperature, velocity, pressure drop, and net output efficiency of parallel single channel fuel cells were examined. The result shows that the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel significantly affects the fuel cell performance under low voltage and high current density conditions. The triangular cross-section model generally exhibits a higher maximum power density. The W-shaped cross-section has a higher flow velocity and smaller temperature change compared to the rectangular cross-section, with an increase of 1.8% in hydrogen consumption and a 6.6% in oxygen consumption respectively. It demonstrates a higher power density with a similar net output efficiency, providing support for the design of bipolar plates.
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Key words:
- hydrogen fuel cell /
- cross-section /
- mass transfer /
- power density /
- net output efficiency
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图 1 质子交换膜燃料电池平行单流道结构
Figure 1. Parallel channel structure of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
图 4 不同截面形状下PEMFC的最大功率密度
Figure 4. Maximum power density of PEMFC with different cross-sectional shapes
图 6 电压为0.4 V时反应气体的质量传输和水的输运
Figure 6. Mass transport of reacting gases and water transport at a voltage of 0.4 V
表 1 模型几何参数
Table 1. Model geometric parameters
名称 值 单位 电池长度 0.05 m 电池宽度 2 × 10−3 m 电池高度 4.47 × 10−4 m 流道宽度 1 × 10−3 m 流道高度 1 × 10−3 m 集流体高度 2 × 10−3 m 肋宽 5 × 10−4 m 气体扩散层厚度 2 × 10−4 m 催化层厚度 1 × 10−5 m 膜的厚度 5 × 10−5 m 横截面积 1 mm2 
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表 2 控制方程
Table 2. Control equations
名称 控制方程 质量守恒方程 $\nabla \cdot \left( {\varepsilon \rho {u}} \right) = {S_{\text{m}}}$ 动量守恒方程 $\nabla \cdot \left( {\varepsilon \rho {uu}} \right){\text{ = }} - \varepsilon \nabla p + \nabla \cdot \left( {\varepsilon {\mu _{eff}}\nabla {u}} \right) + {s_u}$ 能量守恒方程 $\nabla \cdot \left( {\varepsilon \kappa \nabla T} \right) + {S_e} = \nabla \cdot \left( {\varepsilon \rho {u}{c_p}T} \right)$ brinkman方程 $ \dfrac{\partial }{\partial t}\left({\varepsilon }_{p}\rho \right) + \nabla \cdot \left(\rho \text{u}\right)={Q}_{br} $ 传热方程 ${C_{st}}{M_{st}}\Delta T + {Q_{gas,in}} = {Q_{chem}} - {P_{st}} - {Q_{gas,out}} - {Q_{water}} - {Q_{rad}}$ 浓物质传递方程 $\dfrac{\partial }{{\partial t}}\left( {\rho {c_i}} \right) + \nabla \cdot \left( {\rho {c_i}{u}} \right) = - \nabla \cdot \left( {D_i^{eff}\nabla {c_i}} \right) + {S_i}$
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表 3 材料特性和关键物理参数
Table 3. Material properties and key physical parameters
名称 值 单位 开路电压 0.9 V GDL孔隙率 0.6 — CL孔隙率 0.3 — GDL渗透率 1.18 × 10−11 m2 CL渗透率 1 × 10−13 m2 GDL电导率 5000 S/m CL电导率 2000 S/m 阳极传递系数 0.5 — 阴极传递系数 1 — 入口温度（Tin） 353 K 压力 1 atm 阳极化学计量比 1 — 阴极化学计量比 1 — GDL 导热率 1.7 W/(m·K) CL导热率 0.3 W/(m·K) 膜的导热率 0.25 W/(m·K) CC导热率 40 W/(m·K) H2_H2O扩散系数 9.15 × 10−5×(Tin/307.1) 1.75 m2/s N2_H2O扩散系数 2.56 × 10−5×(Tin/307.15) 1.75 m2/s O2_N2扩散系数 2.2 × 10−5×(Tin/293.2) 1.75 m2/s O2_H2O扩散系数 2.82 × 10−5×(Tin/308.1) 1.75 m2/s 阳极参考交换电流密度 100 A/m2 阴极参考交换电流密度 $ 10^{(0.037\;41\times T_{\mathrm{in}}-16.96)} $ A/m2
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