Analysis of statistical model of vehicle load for combined road-rail bridges based on WIM and SHM systems
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摘要: 公铁两用桥梁的疲劳主要源于汽车和列车荷载的耦合作用。针对这一现象，对某跨长江千米级跨度公铁两用悬索桥的动态称重(WIM)系统和结构健康监测(SHM)系统的实测车辆荷载数据进行深入分析，采用典型概率密度函数拟合车辆荷载的相关参数。结果显示：公路和铁路的车辆荷载参数相近；车辆质量呈多峰分布且具有厚尾特征；汽车轴质量比例和列车轴质量呈正态分布；V10类车型速度服从高斯混合分布，其余车型车速均服从正态分布；车头时距呈伽马分布，且列车时距显著大于汽车时距。随机车流与实测车流具有高一致性，表明所建立的车辆荷载统计模型适用于公铁两用桥梁的疲劳分析。Abstract: The fatigue of combined road-rail bridges is caused by the coupling effect of motor vehicle and train loads. To investigate this phenomenon, the measured vehicle load data from the weigh-in-motion (WIM) system and the structural health monitoring (SHM) system of a kilometer-span combined road-rail suspension bridge over the Yangtze River were analyzed in depth. Typical probability density function was employed to fit parameters related to vehicle loads. The results show that the vehicle load parameters for both the road and railway are similar. The mass of motor vehicles follows a multimodal distribution with heavy-tailed characteristics. The axle mass ratio of motor vehicles and the axle mass of trains are normally distributed. The speed of the V10 vehicle model follows a Gaussian mixture distribution, while speeds of other vehicle models are normally distributed. The headway follows a gamma distribution, with train headways being significantly longer than those of motor vehicles. The high consistency between the simulated random traffic flow and the measured traffic flow indicates that the established statistical model of vehicle loads is applicable to the fatigue analysis of combined road-rail bridges.
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表 1 桥梁结构参数
Table 1. Bridge structure parameters
项目 高速公路桥面 高速铁路桥面 设计速度/( km·h−1) 100 250 跨径布置/m 84 + 84 + 1092 + 84 + 8484 + 84 + 1092 + 84 + 84车道布置 双向8车道 4线铁路 结构类型 钢桁架悬索桥 钢桁架悬索桥 监测系统 WIM和SHM SHM 
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表 3 车型交通量及比例
Table 3. Vehicle traffic volume and proportion
车型 交通量/辆 比例/％ V1 23 340 18.46 V2 42 327 33.48 V3 8 627 6.82 V4 1 987 1.57 V5 9 573 7.57 V6 2 713 2.15 V7 5 702 4.51 V8 31 214 24.69 V9 250 0.20 V10 708 0.55 合计 126 441 100.00
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表 4 车型分布及占比
Table 4. Vehicle type distribution and proportion
车道 交通量/辆 比例/％ 1 34 906 27.61 2 23 279 18.41 3 1 894 1.50 4 337 0.27 5 35 636 28.18 6 26 761 21.16 7 2 231 1.76 8 439 0.35 9 174 0.14 10 784 0.62 合计 126 441 100.00
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表 5 车道及车型随机车流模拟结果
Table 5. Lane and vehicle random traffic flow simulation results
单位：辆 车型 车道1 车道2 车道3 车道4 车道5 车道6 车道7 车道8 车道9 车道10 V1 3891 6878 375 16 3891 6878 375 16 — — V2 10907 8067 1486 238 10907 8067 1486 238 — — V3 2535 1529 0 0 2535 1529 0 0 — — V4 580 401 0 0 580 401 0 0 — — V5 2813 1573 0 0 2813 1573 0 0 — — V6 843 343 0 0 843 343 0 0 — — V7 1946 693 0 0 1946 693 0 0 — — V8 11326 3727 0 0 11326 3727 0 0 — — V9 — — — — — — — — 244 6 V10 — — — — — — — — 540 168
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