方形电池模组对称蛇形流道液冷板热特性研究

章正哲; 张恒运; 张健胜; 赵灿

doi:10.12299/jsues.24-0204

方形电池模组对称蛇形流道液冷板热特性研究

doi: 10.12299/jsues.24-0204

上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院, 上海 201620

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51876113）；上海市自然科学基金（21ZR1426300）

详细信息

作者简介:
章正哲（1997 − ），男，硕士生，研究方向为动力电池热管理。E-mail：454379952@qq.com

通讯作者:
张恒运（1972 − ），男，教授，博士，研究方向为动力电池热管理。E-mail：zhanghengyun@sues.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG456
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-16
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-02
- 刊出日期: 2025-12-01

Study on thermal characteristics of symmetric serpentine flow channel liquid cooling plate for prismatic battery module

School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China

摘要

摘要: 提出一种新型对称蛇形流道结构用于电池模组的热管理。采用数值模拟方法研究1 × 6串联方形电池模组底部散热性能，并与直流道液冷板换热性能对比。通过调整对称蛇形流道的结构参数（如流道数量、支流道宽度及二次流结构），研究其换热效果。结果表明，增加流道数量可提升散热性能，但导致进出口压降显著增大；增大支流道宽度能有效改善散热性能。其中，缩短型二次流结构散热性能最佳。当采用5流道、支流道宽度24 mm的缩短型二次流结构时，最大温差和压降分别下降23.84%和59.02%，均温性能和压差均优于直流道液冷板。
- 液冷 /
- 蛇形流道 /
- 结构设计 /
- 温度一致性
Abstract: A novel symmetric serpentine channel structure was proposed for battery module thermal management. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the bottom heat dissipation performance of a 1×6 series-connected prismatic battery module, compared against a straight-channel liquid cooling plate. The effects of the symmetric serpentine flow channel were investigated by adjusting structural parameters such as the number of channels, branch channel width, and secondary flow structure. Results show that increasing the channel numbers can enhance heat dissipation, but significantly increase the pressure drop in the inlet and outlet. Increasing the branch channel width can effectively improve the heat dissipation performance. The shortened secondary flow structure yields superior performance among the tested configurations. Specifically, the design with five channels, 24 mm branch width, and a shortened secondary flow structure reduces the maximum temperature difference and pressure drop by 23.84% and 59.02%, respectively. The proposed design outperforms the straight-channel plate in both temperature uniformity and pressure drop characteristics.
- liquid-cooling /
- serpentine channel /
- structure design /
- temperature uniformity

HTML全文

图 1 对称蛇形流道液冷板电池模组示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of symmetric serpentine flow channel liquid cooling plate for battery module

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图 2 网格无关性验证

Figure 2. Grid independence verification

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图 3 实验测试系统

Figure 3. Experimental testing system

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图 4 电池模组平均温度实验与仿真结果对比

Figure 4. Comparison of experimental and simulation results for average temperature of battery module

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图 5 不同冷却剂流道结构图

Figure 5. Diagrams of different coolant flow channel structures

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图 6 不同结构电池模组表面温度分布云图和冷却性能比较图

Figure 6. Comparison diagram of surface temperature distribution and cooling performance of battery modules with different structures

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图 7 不同支流道宽度、二次流结构优化效果对比图

Figure 7. Different sub-channel widths and comparison chart of secondary flow structure optimization effects

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表 1 液冷板中各结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of liquid cooling plate

参数	大小/mm
长度 × 宽度 × 高度(l_c × w_c × δ_c)	213 mm× 168 mm× 10 mm
进口段长度(l_in)	137
出口段长度(l_out)	20
进口段宽度和出口段宽度(w_in,w_out)	12,12
流道高度(δ_cd)	6
支流道宽度(w_pc)	18,21,24

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表 2 不同材料热物性参数

Table 2. Thermal properties parameters of different materials

部件材料	密度/ (kg·m⁻³)	比热容/ (J·(kg·K)⁻¹)	导热系数/ (W·(m·K)⁻¹)	黏度/ (kg·(m·s)⁻¹)
水	997	4178	0.6	0.000 902
液冷板	2 719	871	202.4	—
电池	2 300	1 072	k_bx= 1.5， k_by=k_bz=18.5	—
导热垫	3 430	1 500	6.0	—
亚克力板	1 000	1 200	0.2	—

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表 3 三元方形锂离子电池物性参数表

Table 3. Physical property parameters of ternary lithium-ion battery

关键指标	参数
额定容量/Ah	50
额定电压/V	3.7
充电截止电压/V	4.2
放电截止电压/V	2.5
最大充电电流/A	50
最大放电电流/A	100
充电工作环境温度/℃	0 ~ 45
放电工作环境温度/℃	−20 ~ 50
内阻/mΩ	≤0.8
电池质量/ kg	0.85

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参考文献(12)

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