Analysis of development status of dark factory and its intelligent manufacturing technologies
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摘要: “黑灯工厂”作为未来制造业的关键转型方向，代表了智能制造技术在实际应用中的高级融合与具体展现。对“黑灯工厂”及其智能制造技术的研究动态与发展趋势进行全面分析。通过检索Web of Science核心合集数据库收集1977—2024年“黑灯工厂”相关文献，利用CiteSpace软件对文献样本的时空分布、关键词共现、聚类等多维度知识图谱进行可视化分析。通过对国内“黑灯工厂”案例的关键技术进行剖析，总结工业领域“黑灯工厂”的建设路线，并构建系统架构。探讨“黑灯工厂”建设过程中的关键技术应用，包括机器人技术、系统集成技术、柔性与网络化协同技术、人工智能及其智能算法等，研究得出，上述技术在实际建设中的落地需协同推进工艺数字化、管理精益化、标准体系化与装备智能化，最后进行了总结与展望。Abstract: As a key transformation direction of future manufacturing, the “dark factory” represents an advanced integration and concrete manifestation of intelligent manufacturing technologies in practical applications. A comprehensive analysis of the research dynamics and development trends of “dark factory” and its associated intelligent manufacturing technologies was conducted. Literature related to the “dark factory” from 1977 to 2024 was collected by retrieving the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database. A visualization analysis was conducted using CiteSpace software, encompassing multi-dimensional knowledge maps such as spatiotemporal distribution, keyword co-occurrence, and clustering of the retrieved publications. Through the analysis of key technologies in domestic “dark factory” cases, a construction roadmap for “dark factory” in the industrial field was summarized, and a systematic architecture was established. The applications of key technologies in “dark factory” construction were explored, including robotics, system integration, flexible and networked collaboration, as well as artificial intelligence and intelligent algorithms. The findings indicate that the successful implementation of these technologies in practice requires the coordinated advancement of process digitalization, lean management, standardized systems, and intelligent equipment. And finally, conclusions and future perspectives were presented.
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Key words:
- dark factory /
- intelligent factory /
- intelligent manufacturing /
- visual analysis
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图 1 国际“黑灯工厂”相关研究发文量统计图
Figure 1. Statistics of international “dark factory” related research publications
表 1 发文量前十国家情况统计
Table 1. Statistics of top 10 countries
序号 国家 发文量/篇 被引数/次 1 中国 565 10276 2 美国 218 8918 3 德国 101 3458 4 英国 89 3111 5 韩国 87 1085 6 日本 80 1435 7 意大利 71 2412 8 加拿大 65 3070 9 法国 53 2630 10 西班牙 51 1804 
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表 2 前十高被引论文
Table 2. Highly cited papers top 10
序号 论文题目 载文期刊 影响因子 国家 1 ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks Communications of the ACM 11.1 美国 2 A cyber-physical systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems Manufacturing Letters 1.9 美国 3 Intelligent manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0: a review Engineering 10.1 中国 4 Industrial internet of things: challenges, opportunities, and directions IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 11.7 美国 5 Data-driven smart manufacturing Journal of Manufacturing Systems 12.2 英国 6 Towards smart factory for Industry 4.0 Computer Networks 4.4 荷兰 7 The industrial management of SMEs in the era of Industry 4.0 International Journal of Production Research 7 英国 8 Smart factory of Industry 4.0: key technologies application case and challenges IEEE Access 3.4 美国 9 Software-defined industrial internet of things in the context of Industry 4.0 IEEE Sensors Journal 4.3 美国 10 A manufacturing big data solution for active preventive maintenance IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 11.7 美国
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表 3 “黑灯工厂”行业分布
Table 3. Industry distribution of “dark factory”
行业 国内 国外 汽车制造 吉利汽车“黑灯工厂” 博世汽车（BOSCH）土耳其“黑灯工厂” 电子制造 小米手机“黑灯工厂” 施耐德电气（Schneider Electric SA）法国“黑灯工厂” 钢铁冶金 宝武钢铁“黑灯工厂” 浦项制铁（POSCO）韩国“黑灯工厂” 能源 海泰新能太阳能“黑灯工厂” ReNew电力（ReNew Power）印度“黑灯工厂” 食品 青岛啤酒“黑灯工厂” 联合利华（Unilever）印度“黑灯工厂” 矿业 金川集团龙首山矿“黑灯工厂” DCP Midstream美国“黑灯工厂” 农业 北控水务农药制剂“黑灯工厂” 爱科（AGCO）德国“黑灯工厂”
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