Research on noise reduction method in high-speed train carriages based on active jet flow
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摘要: 针对列车时速提升时带来的强烈气动噪声问题，对时速400 km下高速列车受电弓区域的声学压力及其引起的车内噪声展开研究，并探究主动射流降噪方法对受电弓车厢的车内降噪效果。结果表明：受电弓区域声学压力具有显著的高频特性，其主要频率分布为
1000 ~1600 Hz，主要空间分布在绝缘子周围及空腔上游；施加主动射流后，声学压力在20~2500 Hz范围内显著降低；受电弓车厢声腔主要功率输入来源为其相邻声腔和板件，输入频率分布主要为20~1600 Hz，其中1250 Hz为频率突变点，原因是单层板件存在吻合频率；受电弓正下方车内噪声声压级降幅达到3.7 dB，其中对人耳影响最大的声腔降幅最高为3.5 dB，前端客室声腔平均降噪3.3 dB。结果表明，空腔前缘的主动射流对声学压力诱发的车内噪声有显著的抑制作用，可为日后高速列车车内降噪分析提供参考。Abstract: To address the aerodynamic noise induced by higher speeds, the acoustic pressure in the pantograph region and the resulting interior noise of a 400 km/h high-speed train were investigated. The noise reduction effect of active jet flow on the pantograph cabin was explored. The results show that the acoustic pressure in the pantograph region exhibits distinct high-frequency characteristics, with dominant frequencies distributed between1000 and1600 Hz, primarily concentrated around insulators and the upstream cavity. After the application of active jet control, the acoustic pressure was significantly reduced in the frequency range of 20 –2500 Hz. Power input to the pantograph cabin acoustic cavities originates primarily from adjacent cavities and panels, with frequencies distributed between 20 and1600 Hz. A frequency jump occurs at1250 Hz due to the coincidence frequency effect in single-layer panels. The interior noise directly below the pantograph was reduced by 3.7 dB, with the most significant reduction of 3.5 dB observed in the acoustic cavity most sensitive to human hearing. The front passenger cabin cavity achieved an average noise reduction of 3.3 dB. These findings provide references for future interior noise reduction in high-speed trains. -
图 3 受电弓空腔底面声学压力级频谱图
Figure 3. Spectrogram of acoustic pressure level on the bottom surface of pantograph cavity
图 4 受电弓空腔底面声学压力级云图
Figure 4. Acoustic pressure level contour of underside of pantograph cavity
图 5 受电弓车厢车内噪声预测模型
Figure 5. Noise prediction model for interior of pantograph carriages
图 6 受电弓正下方总声压级云图
Figure 6. Total sound pressure level cloud map directly beneath pantograph
图 7 受电弓正下方客室声压级折线图
Figure 7. Line diagram of the sound pressure level of guest room directly beneath pantograph
图 8 受电弓正下方客室车内噪声频谱图
Figure 8. Spectrogram of passenger cabin interior noise directly below pantograph
图 9 前端客室声腔总声压级云图
Figure 9. Cloud map of total sound pressure level in the front cabin of the passenger compartment
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