圆柱电池模组的热电制冷与温控性能分析

魏鹏; 裔昭臧; 张恒运; 孙海涛; 曾淑贞; 陈运

doi:10.12299/jsues.22-0037

圆柱电池模组的热电制冷与温控性能分析

doi: 10.12299/jsues.22-0037

上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院, 上海 201620

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目资助(51876113)；上海市自然科学基金项目资助(21ZR1426300)；上海市大学生创新训练项目资助(cs2101003)

详细信息

作者简介:
魏鹏：魏　鹏（2000−），男，在读本科生，研究方向为动力电池热管理. E-mail：1907439929@qq.com

通讯作者:
张恒运（1972−），男，教授，博士，研究方向为动力电池热管理. E-mail：zhanghengyun@sues.edu.cn

中图分类号: TK511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-20

Research on refrigeration cooling and temperature control of thermoelectric devices for cylindrical battery module

School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China

摘要

摘要: 基于帕尔贴效应提出一种通过热电装置（Thermoelectric Device，TED）实时控制电池温度的方法. 该方法集TED的制冷与加热功能于一体，控温效果良好，可以满足电池模组热管理需求. 电池模组由3×5排列的圆柱电池组成，填充泡沫金属复合相变材料，热电装置布置在电池模组外壳正对大面处. 与液冷试验相比，热电制冷可以在1~5 W单电池产热功率下显著降低电池模组的温度，将模组温差控制在5 ℃内. 温控试验进一步表明，采用温控器实时控制的TED可以有效稳定模组温度，将温度波动控制在2~3 ℃. 此外，建立一维热阻网络，基于稳态理论对TED热性能分析. 结果表明，在制冷工况下，TED的冷端温度随其电流的增大呈先减后增的趋势，热端温度与TED电流成正比.
- 热电装置 /
- 温控 /
- 电池热管理 /
- 热阻网络 /
- 稳态理论分析
Abstract: Based on the Peltier effect, a method of real-time controlling battery temperature through thermoelectric device (TED) was proposed. It integrated the refrigeration and heating functions of TED, has a good temperature control effect, and can meet the thermal management needs of battery modules. The battery module consists of 3×5 rows of cylindrical batteries filled with foam metal composite phase change materials, and the thermoelectric device was arranged on the large face of the battery module shell. Compared with the liquid cooling experiment, thermoelectric refrigeration could significantly reduce the temperature of the battery module at 1~5 W of single cell heat generation power, and control the temperature difference of the module within 5 ℃. The temperature control experiment further shows that the TED controlled by the thermostat in real-time can effectively stabilize the module temperature and control the temperature fluctuation within 2~3 ℃. In addition, a one-dimensional thermal resistance network was established, and the thermal performance of TED was analyzed based on steady-state theory. The result shows that under the refrigeration condition, the cold junction temperature of TED is decreasing first and then increasing with increasing of its current, and the hot junction temperature is proportional to the TED current.
- thermoelectric device (TED) /
- temperature control /
- battery thermal management /
- thermal resistance network /
- steady-state theoretical analysis

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图 1 试验系统原理图和热电偶位置

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of experimental system and thermocouple position

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图 2 试验装置图

Figure 2. Experimental device diagram

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图 3 TED和温控器

Figure 3. TED and temperature controller

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图 4 基于TED的电池模组一维热阻网络

Figure 4. One-dimensional thermal resistance network of battery module based on TED

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图 5 液冷条件下电池模组最高温度和最大温差

Figure 5. The maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference of battery module under liquid cooling condition

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图 6 热电制冷模组的最高温度和最大温差

Figure 6. The maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference of thermoelectric refrigeration module

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图 7 电池最高温度和最大温差

Figure 7. The maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference of batteries

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图 8 制冷模式下电池温度随TED工作电流的演变

Figure 8. Battery temperature evolution with TED working currents in cooling mode

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图 9 不同电池温度下TED冷端和热端温度变化

Figure 9. Temperature changes of TED cold side and hot side under different battery temperatures

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表 1 热电片1-12718参数

Table 1. Parameters of thermoelectric sheet 1-12718

TED参数	数值
热电臂个数2N	254
尺寸（长×宽×厚）/mm×mm×mm	50.0×50.0×3.6
I_max/A	18
U_max/V	15
ΔT_max/ ℃	66
Q_max/W	150
S_m/(V·K⁻¹)	0.0495
模块电阻R_m/ Ω	0.6519
模块热导率K_m/(K·W⁻¹)	1.6001
热电材料优值系数Z/ K⁻¹	0.0023

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表 2 石蜡的热物理性质

Table 2. Thermophysical properties of paraffin

名称	参数
石蜡熔化温度/ ℃	41~44
比热容/(J·(kg·K)⁻¹)	2000
潜热/(J·kg⁻¹)	255000
密度/(kg·m⁻³)	880
热导率/(W·(m·K)⁻¹)	0.2

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表 3 热电装置各部分热阻

Table 3. Thermal resistances of TED system

各部分热阻	数值 /(K·W⁻¹)
热界面材料热阻R_tim	0.055
#8电池到铝壳的热阻R_bm	0.064
散热器热阻R_sink	0.009
远程换热器热阻R_hea	0.070
冷却模组时TED冷端热阻R_bc	0.119
冷却模组时TED热端热阻R_ha	0.091
加热模组时TED冷端热阻R_ca	0.091
加热模组时TED热端热阻R_bh	0.119

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