激光选区熔化成形316不锈钢增材制造研究进展

张海波; 刘延辉; 张慧研; 沈子昊; 李传昌

doi:10.12299/jsues.23-0238

激光选区熔化成形316不锈钢增材制造研究进展

doi: 10.12299/jsues.23-0238

a.
上海工程技术大学机械与汽车工程学院, 上海 201620
b.
上海工程技术大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海 201620

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助（51471105）；上海市教委上海高校知识创新工程建设项目（085工程）资助（JZ0901）

详细信息

作者简介:
张海波（1975 − ），男，讲师，硕士，研究方向为汽车激光焊接与新材料研究。E-mail：zhanghaibo@sues.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘延辉（1974 − ），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为激光加工工艺和等离子熔覆技术。E-mail：scopey@163.com

中图分类号: TG156
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-28
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-30

Research progress in additively manufactured of selective laser melting 316 stainless steel

a.
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
b.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China

摘要

摘要: 激光选区熔化(selective laser melting, SLM)技术在航天汽车等金属增材制造领域具有广阔的应用前景。总结SLM316不锈钢材料在工艺、组织、性能和应用等方面的研究进展，分析探讨存在的问题与解决方法。分析SLM生产加工过程中生产工艺、产品质量和性能稳定性及后处理工艺等流程中存在的问题，进一步研究316不锈钢增材显微组织和力学特性，分析工艺过程对组织和性能的影响，合理控制激光增材制造成形过程，为技术在产业应用提供支撑。
- 车辆工程 /
- 激光熔化 /
- 焊接工艺 /
- 研究综述
Abstract: Selective laser melting (SLM) technology has broad application prospects in the fields of metal additive manufacturing, aerospace vehicles, etc. The research progress of SLM316 stainless steel materials in terms of process, structure, properties, and applications were summarized, and the existing problems and solutions were analyzed and explored. The problems in the production process, product quality, performance stability, and post-treatment process of SLM were analyzed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of 316 stainless steel additive were further studied. influences of the process on the microstructure and properties were analyzed. By reasonably controlling the laser additive manufacturing process, it can provide support for the application of the technology in the industry.
- vehicle engineering /
- laser melting /
- welding procedure /
- research review

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图 1 SLM 316不锈钢的微观组织

Figure 1. Microstructure of SLM 316 stainless steel

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图 2 铸造与SLM方法制造的316不锈钢样品磨损轨迹及SEM图

Figure 2. Wear tracks and SEM diagram of bulk and SLM 316 stainless steel samples manufactured by casting and SLM

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图 3 316不锈钢 SS试样的磨损轨迹中心区域图

Figure 3. Center area diagram of wear track on 316 stainless steel samples

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图 4 不同的拉伸断口形貌

Figure 4. Different tensile fracture morphologies

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图 5 铸造和SLM样品的循环极化曲线

Figure 5. Cyclic polarisation curves for casting and SLM 316 stainless steel samples

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表 1 4种不同工艺参数下拉伸性能指标

Table 1. Tensile performance indicators under four different process parameters

工艺参数			性能指标
激光功率/W	扫描速度/（mm·s^-1）	层厚度/mm	弹性模量/MPa	屈服强度/MPa	抗拉轻度/MPa	伸长率/%
320	650	0.05	103 ± 3	—	596 ± 10	28.1 ± 2
220	960	0.04	—	—	684.7 ± 4.7	27.25 ± 3.35
200	—	—	—	554 ± 4.6	—	36.3 ± 2.1
230	800	30	—	—	720.3	—

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表 2 不同扫描策略下316不锈钢的拉伸性能结果

Table 2. Tensile performance results of 316 stainless steel under different scanning strategies

样品	屈服强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	伸长率/%	面积减少/%	偏差范围/%
漫步式	555	684	50.7	70.5	5 ± 0.3
漫步式	561	688	50.9	72.8	5 ± 0.3
棋盘式5 × 5 mm	546	684	49.5	72.3	5 ± 0.3
棋盘式5 × 5 mm	535	677	52.7	70.0	5 ± 0.3
棋盘式1 × 1 mm	519	664	45.3	55.4	5 ± 0.3
棋盘式1 × 1 mm	518	662	48.1	63.1	5 ± 0.3
文献[9]实验	554	685	36.0		5 ± 0.3
文献[19]实验	487	594	49.0	58.0	5 ± 0.3
文献[13]实验	590	700	36.0		5 ± 0.3
文献[15]实验	450	640	59.0		5 ± 0.3
热加工 + 退火	170	480	40.0	50.0	5 ± 0.3
冷加工 + 退火	170	480	30.0	40.0	5 ± 0.3
冷加工	310	620	30.0	40.0	5 ± 0.3

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表 3 SLM和热处理样品的屈服强度和极限抗拉强度的平均值

Table 3. Average values of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of SLM and heat treated samples

测试样品	屈服强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa
SLM	550 ± 10	1016 ± 8
573 K	459 ± 3	969 ± 5
873 K	440 ± 3	941 ± 4
1273 K	347 ± 8	836 ± 7
1373 K	243 ± 5	814 ± 7
1673 K	174 ± 7	712 ± 4

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参考文献(27)

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